ເໝືອຍ, ຫມີຫມາ ( Dog Bear, Honey Bear, Malayan Sun Bear)

Helarctos euryspilus Horsfield, 1826
Ursus malayanus Raffles, 1822

Ursidae

The body of sun bears is typically black or dark brown, with a distinctive white, yellow, or orange U-shaped or circular marking on the chest. Males are generally larger than females. Adults can grow to be 100 to 150 cm long and weigh between 30 and 80 kg. Their tail is 3 to 7cm long.

Features: The animal has curved front legs with large, inward-facing paws and long claws for climbing trees. Its short snout, small ears, and short fur are well-suited for its arboreal lifestyle. The sun bear has a long, 20 to 25 cm tongue for lapping up insects and honey.

Diet: Sun bears are omnivorous but primarily feed on a wide variety of fruits from trees. They also eat small animals (birds, reptiles, mammals, molluscs, etc).

Reproduction: Sun Bears do not have a specific mating season. Gestation lasts about 3 to 3.5 months. If a female loses her cubs, she can usually become pregnant again within 2 to 5 weeks. [1], [2],

Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam, Singapore and China

Northern Annamites
Southern Mekong Corridor
Boloven Plateau

Evergreen forest
Mixed deciduous forest
Dry dipterocarp forest

Native

Not invasive

Vulnerable

List I: Prohibited species

Use prohibited

As representatives of the PKL, we strongly discourage hunting this species due to its high risk of being endangered, and preserving the biodiversity of various biomes is crucial for ensuring its long-term presence and coexistence with us.

Wild

Habitat preservation: Sun Bears are threatened primarily by deforestation and commercial hunting, which occurs to varying degrees throughout the range. Killing due to human-bear conflicts is an additional threat, although less obvious in its impact. Active trade in wild Sun Bears and their parts is one of the two most serious threats to Sun Bear populations. Commercial poaching of Sun Bears was reported by regional experts in the Bear Specialist Group to be a moderate to major threat in all range countries. [4]

Population monitoring: Regional experts reported declines of Sun Bears in eight of ten current range countries. There are few reliable estimates of Sun Bear population size and few studies have quantified population trends. [4]

N/A

N/A

Nutrient	/100g	Remark
Proteins	N/A	N/A
Carbohydrates	N/A	N/A
Fats	N/A	N/A
Vitamins	N/A	N/A
Minerals	N/A	N/A
Fibers	N/A	N/A

Sun Bear. [1] iNaturalist [Online]. Uploaded on 04 December 2022 by M. Baum garten. Available: https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4165789200. [Accessed: 02 October 2024]

Sun bear is climbing the tree. [2] iNaturalist [Online]. Uploaded on 01 September 2024 by S. V. D. Meulen. Available: https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4946433183. [Accessed: 01 October 2024]

Sun bear. [3] iNaturalist [Online]. Uploaded in May 2021 by D. Diller. Available: ttps://www.inaturalist.org/observations/80598589. [Accessed: 01 October 2024]

[4] D. Pratumthong and A. m. ph. Khlaipet, “Mammals of Natural World
Heritage Thung Yai Naresuan – Huai Kha Khaeng,” Pathum Thani, Thailand: national Science Museum Thailand, 2022.
[5] Ch. R. M. Francis, “Mammals of Thailand & South – East Asia,”
Bangkok, Thailand: Asia book, 2001.
[6] Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), “Helarctos malayanus
(Raffles, 1822),” [Online]. Available: https://www.gbif.org/species/2433403. [Accessed: 02 October 2024]
[7] IUCN Red List, “Sun bear,” [Online]. Available:
https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/9760/123798233. [Ac-cessed: 02 October 2024]

[8] ສະພາແຫ່ງຊາດ, “ກົດມາຍວ່າດ້ວຍສັດປ່າ (ສະບັບປັບປຸງ),” 2023.
[online]. Available: https://shorturl.at/MjWv3.