ດອກສະບາ ( Chinese Hibiscus, Hawaiian Hibiscus, Rose-Of-China, China Rose)

Hibiscus androphoro-petaloides Pancher ex Fosberg, 1997
Hibiscus androphoropetaloides Pancher
Hibiscus arnottii Griff.
Hibiscus arnottii Griff. ex Mast
Hibiscus carminata-perfecta W.Bull
Hibiscus colleri Anon.
Hibiscus denisonii Burb.
Hibiscus festalis Salisb.
Hibiscus festivalis Salisb.
Hibiscus fulgens W.Baxter
Hibiscus fulgidus W.Bull
Hibiscus javanicus Mill.
Hibiscus liliiflorus Griff.
Hibiscus liliiflorus Griff. ex Mast.
Hibiscus metallicus B.S.Williams
Hibiscus miniatus-semiplenus W.Bull
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis subsp. albo-pleno J.Harrison
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis subsp. albovariegatus Meehan
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis subsp. aurantia-pleno J.Harrison
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis subsp. carminata-perfecta Meehan
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis subsp. colleri Van Houtte
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis subsp. flavus G.Lodd.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis subsp. miniata-semiplenus Meehan
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. carnea-plenus Sweet
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. carneoplenus Sweet
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. flavoplenus Sweet
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. flore-pleno Seem.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. floreplena Seem.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. fulgidus W.Bull
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. genuinus Hochr.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. kermesinus W.Bull
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. lucien-lindenii N.E.Br.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. luteoplenus Sweet
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. magnificus Van Geert
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. rosa-sinensis
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. rubroplenus Sweet
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. variegatus Sweet
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. vivicans W.Bull

Malvaceae

ຜັກສົ້ມພໍດີ / Roselle
ຕົ້ນຫາງຫົງ / Hang hong

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is an evergreen shrub or small tree that grows between 2.5 and 5 meters (8 to 16 feet) tall and 1.5 to 3 meters (5 to 10 feet) wide. It has a branched taproot and green, erect, cylindrical stems. The leaves are simple, petiolate, and alternately arranged, with an ovate shape, serrated edges, and a glossy surface. They feature a net-like vein pattern and small lateral stipules.
The hibiscus blooms in summer and autumn, producing solitary, sym-metrical flowers that are usually red with five petals about 10 cm (4 inches) in diameter. These flowers have prominent, orange-tipped red anthers. There are also cultivars and hybrids with flowers in various colours, including white, pink, orange, peach, yellow, blue, and purple, some with double petals.
Each flower has a green calyx at the base with pointed sepals. The long, tubular pistil contains the female reproductive parts, with the stigma at the top to collect pollen. The pollen travels down the style to the ovary at the flower's base. The stamen, which is the male part, consists of fil-aments ending in pollen-producing anthers. [1]

Introduce to Andaman Is., Ascension, Assam, Azores, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Borneo, California, Cambodia, Cameroon, Caroline Is., Cayman Is., China South-Central, China Southeast, Comoros, Cook Is., Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, East Aegean Is., East Himalaya, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Florida, Galápagos, Gambia, Gilbert Is., Guatemala, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hainan, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Juan Fernández Is., Kenya, Laos, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Line Is., Madeira, Marianas, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, Nicobar Is., Niue, Pakistan, Pitcairn Is., Puerto Rico, Rodrigues, Réunion, Samoa, Sardegna, Society Is., Solomon Is., Southwest Caribbean, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tokelau-Manihiki, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Tunisia, Uganda, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Windward Is., Zaïre. [2]

Northern Mekong Corridor
Vientiane Plain
Lower Annamites

Home gardens
Parks and public places

Introduced

Not invasive

Not applicable

None

Medicine
Ornamental
Drink

Drink: Dried hibiscus flowers are often brewed into tea, known for its tart flavor and vibrant colour.[1] Medicine: The roots are a poultice to treat boils, treat inflammation, act as a laxative, lubricate the intestines, reduce fever, and promote menstruation. [3]. Reports show that Hibiscus rosasinensis has various medicinal properties. It has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic (fever-reducing), analgesic (pain-relieving), and anti-asthmatic effects. Studies demonstrate that the flowers have antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial qualities. The plant's blossoms are said to have anti-tumor, anti-spermatogenic (reducing sperm production), anti-androgenic (reducing male hormones), and anti-convulsant (preventing seizures) properties. There are reports of using the flowers to treat cardiac conditions. Studies in diabetic rural populations show that H. rosasinensis has anti-diabetic properties (Ah-san MQ, et al., 2021). [4],[5]

Domesticated

May
June
July
August
September
October

Overview
Light: In general, the more sun this plant gets, the better. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis prefer full sun but will tolerate light shade. The more shade the plant gets, the fewer and likely smaller flowers it will produce. If overwintering, try to place near a southern or western facing window.[7]
Climate: Hibiscus grows in most area except the very cold climates as they are not frost tolerant. In areas with hot summers but cold winters, grow hibiscus in large containers and move them into a sunny, frost-free position during winter. [6]

Land preparation: All grow best in a rich, well-drained soil so dig in added organic matter and/or add in Seasol Super Compost to prepare for planting.[6]

Care and maintenance:
Watering: Hibiscus don’t like to dry out and prefer an evenly moist root ball. After planting in the ground, it is important to give supplemental water the first year as needed until the plant is well established. When potting, choose a container that is sized to the plant. A pot that is too large or too small will make it difficult to keep the plant properly watered. Check your plant daily. Over time, you will get to know it and its water requirements and make adjustments according to how much sun or rain is in the forecast.[7]
Pruning: Hibiscus require little pruning during the growing season unless space is an is-sue. Cut back the plant by about half in the early spring to maintain a nice shape and encourage growth. More frequent and lighter pruning may be needed throughout the year for hibiscus that are grown indoors. The plants flower on new wood, so pruning any time during the year won’t stop flowering completely, just delay it.[7]
Fertilisation: Hibiscus are carefree but do require some fertilizer, especially if grown in containers. Slow release fertilizers are an easy way to keep plants fed throughout the growing season. Liquid fertilizer with a high middle number (phosphorus) applied during the summer can encourage stronger and more blooms. Iron is one nutrient that might need to be supplemented from time to time. Regular feeding is needed from spring through fall but fertilizing can be cut back during winter months. You can completely stop fertilizing when overwintering unless you see nutrient deficiencies.[7]

Pest and disease control:
Pests: With the help of beneficial insects and birds, healthy outdoor plants can usually fight off most pest issues. Aphids, trips, and spider mites are the main ones to look for, with whitefly, scale, and mealybug to a lesser extent. Indoors you will need to be more diligent when scouting and treating for pests and can use a horticultural oil or insecticidal soap to treat most outbreaks. Simply pruning out infected parts works great too. [7]
Diseases: Hibiscus are known to be susceptible to a few disease issues including powdery or downy mildew and botrytis. Black spots are often seen as well but their causes are vast and hard to identify without proper testing. For proper identification and treatment recommendations, contact your local extension agency.[7]

N/A

N/A

Nutrient	/100g	Remark
Proteins	1.54	N/A
Carbohydrates	13.71	N/A
Fats	0.35	N/A
Vitamins	N/A	Vitamin C 7.50g β-Carotene: 54.02 μg
Minerals	N/A	Calcium: 4.32 mg Potassium: 236.45 mg Iron: 1.48 mg Zinc: 0.82 mg
Fibers	N/A	N/A

[1] iNaturalist [Online]. Uploaded on 15 July 2024 by: rexia. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/229501413. [Accessed: 16 October 2024]
[2] iNaturalist [Online]. Uploaded on 29 July 2024 by: sujata92459. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/232469381. [Accessed: Accessed: 16 October 2024]
[3] iNaturalist [Online]. Uploaded on 16 October 2024 by: brayanem-manuelcanoespericueta. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/247552869. [Accessed: Accessed: 16 October 2024]

[1] iNaturalist [Online] “Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.” .Available: https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/62876-Hibiscus-rosa-sinensis. [Accessed: 16 October 2024].
[2] Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) [Online] “Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.” .Available: https://www.gbif.org/species/3152559. [Accessed: 16 October 2024].
[3] QSBG. [Online] “Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.” .Available: http://www.qsbg.org/Database/plantdb/mdp/medicinal-specimen.asp?id=576. [Accessed: 16 October 2024].
[4] A. A. awfeeq, T. A. awfeeq, I. S. baas & S. H. Salah. (2024, October). “Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activity of HibiscusRosa-SinensisPlant”. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kebidanan [Online]. Vol.2, No.4. Available: https://journal.arikesi.or.id/index.php/Protein/article/view/668/904.
[5] A. Missoum.," An update review on Hibiscus rosa sinensis phyto-chemistry and medicinal uses," Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine Vol 4 (3) Pp: 135-146, October 2018.
[6] Seasol a better way to grow. [Online] “Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.” .Available: https://www.seasol.com.au/roses-flowers/hibiscus-2/. [Accessed: 17 October 2024].
[7] Smithsonian Gardens. [Online] “Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.” .Available: https://gardens.si.edu/learn/educational-resources/plant-care-sheets/care-of-hibiscus-rosa-sinensis/. [Accessed: 17 October 2024].
[8] A. Bahuguna, K.G. Vijayalaxmi & V.C. Suvarna." Formulation and Evaluation of Fresh Red Hawaiian Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) Incorporated Valued Added Products," International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences Vol 7(8) Pp: 4282-4290, July 2018.