( Caesar'S Amanita, Caesar'S Mushroom)

Agaricus aurantiacus Bull.
Agaricus aurantius Bull., 1783
Agaricus aureus Batsch
Agaricus caesareus Schaeff.
Agaricus caesareus Scop.
Amanita aurantia Lam.
Amanita aurantiaca (Bull.) Lam.
Amanita aurantiaca Pers.
Amanita bulbosa var. alba Gillet, 1874
Amanita caesarea f. alba E.-J.Gilbert, 1918
Amanita caesarea f. lutea (Gillet) Neville & Poumarat
Amanita caesarea var. alba Gillet
Amanita caesarea var. aurantia Gillet
Amanita caesarea var. lutea Gillet
Amanita caesarea var. rubra Gillet
Fungus caesareus Kuntze
Helvella ciceronis Battarra
Hypophyllum caesareum (Scop.) Paulet
Venenarius caesareus (Scop.) Murrill
Volvoamanita caesarea (Scop.) Beck, 1922
Volvoamanita caesarea (Scop.) E.Horak

Amanitaceae

ເຫັດລະໂງກເຫຼືອງ / Yellow Half-dyed slender Caesar Mushroom
ເຫັດຂີ້ກະເດືອນ/ Grisette Mushroom
ເຫັດໄຂ່ຫ່ານ / Head Man Slender Caesa
ເຫັດເຟືອງ/ Paddy straw mushroom

This mushroom has an orange-red cap that is initially hemispherical before becoming convex and flattening. The cap has a smooth surface with a linear edge and may reach up to 15 cm in diameter, or nearly 20 cm (8 inches) in some cases. The free gills are pale to golden yellow, like the cylindrical stem, which is 8-15 cm tall and 2-3 cm wide. The ring hangs loosely and is lined above and smooth below. The base of the stem is thicker than the top and sits in a greyish, cup-like volva, which is a remnant of the universal veil. The spores are white [4].

Native to Albania, Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Morocco, North Macedonia, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Türkiye, Ukraine. [8]

Annamite Highlands and Xieng Khuang Plateau

Mixed deciduous forest
Coniferous forest

Introduced

Not invasive

Least concern

List III: General species

Food

Food: This mushroom is very popular as an edible mushroom, especially in southern Europe and Asia. This type of mushroom can be eaten in many ways, such as grilled, baked, roasted, and boiled [9]. Medicine: According to our sources, this mushroom has antioxidant properties, which may provide neuroprotective benefits. It can also Can reduce apoptosis in the form of neurodegenerative diseases and be used to treat Alzheimer's disease and reduce oxidative stress, indicating its potential as a healthy food [7], [10].

Wild

May
June
July

Threat: Most of the threats identified in Europe are related to deforestation for agriculture, soil degradation, and climate change. This may cause problems for wildlife and plant diversity to gradually decrease, which can threaten its natural habitats and, consequently, its populations [8].

N/A

N/A

Nutrient	/100g	Remark
Proteins	N/A	N/A
Carbohydrates	N/A	N/A
Fats	N/A	N/A
Vitamins	N/A	N/A
Minerals	N/A	N/A
Fibers	N/A	N/A

Caesar’s mushroom. [1] iNaturalist [Online]. Uploaded on 22 September 2023 by: salimeh. Available: www.inaturalist.org/photos/322463354. [Accessed: 01 October 2024].
Multiple Caesar's mushrooms. [2] iNaturalist [Online]. Uploaded in August 2021 by: federicocalledda. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/150285551. [Accessed: 01 October 2024].
Harvested Caesar's Mushroom. [3] iNaturalist [Online]. Uploaded on 20 October 2021 by: rolandgodon. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/164566798. [Accessed: 01 October 2024].

[4] J. Breitenbach and F. Kränzlin, "Fungi of Switzerland 4: Agarics, 2nd Part," p. 146, 1995.
[5] Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), “Amanita caesarea (Scop.) Pers.” [Online]. Available: https://www.gbif.org/species/5240269. [Accessed: 01 October 2024].
[6] T. Læssøe and O. Sparre Pedersen, "Amanita species within section Caesareae from the highlands of Laos," Research Square, pp. 1-23, 2024.
[7] H. Huseyin Dogan and G. Akbas, "Biological activity and fatty acid composition of Caesar’s mushroom," Pharmaceutical Biology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 863-871, 2013.
[8] IUCN Red List, “Amanita caesarea (Fr.) A. David,” [Online]. Available: https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/125433663/125435485#bibliography. [Accessed: 10 July 2024].
[9] Bioberries, “Amanita caesarea,” [Online]. Available: https://bioberries.bg/amanita-caesarea.html. [Accessed: 10 July 2024].
[10] L. Zhiping and et al., "Anti-Oxidative Stress Activity Is Essential for Amanita caesarea Mediated Neuroprotection on Glutamate-Induced Apoptotic HT22 Cells and an Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model," International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1-14, 2017