ເຫັດກະດ້າງ

Lentinus estriatus Berk. & Broome
Lentinus eximius Berk. & Broome
Lentinus praerigidus Berk.
Lentinus sajor-caju var. polychrous (Lév.) Pilát
Panus polychrous (Lév.) Singer
Panus polychrous (Lév.) Singer ex Balf.-Browne=
Pocillaria estriata (Berk. & Broome) Kuntze
Pocillaria eximia (Berk. & Broome) Kuntze
Pocillaria polychroa (Lév.) Kuntze
Pocillaria praerigida (Berk.) Kuntze

Polyporaceae

ເຫັດຂອນຂາວ/ White Log Mushroom
ເຫັດຫອມ / Shiitake mushroom

These mushrooms are tough with scales covering their surface. They are cone-shaped and often grow in clusters, stacked together. The caps (tops) range from 50 to 150 mm in size and are reddish-brown to yellow brown in cooler. The centre of the cap is curved and darker in hue. The gills are deep, densely packed, and range from grey to reddish-brown, positioned close to the top of the stem. Their edges are finely serrated (indented). The stem is short, with a pale cream texture in the middle to upper section, and a squamous (scalelike) texture when young, often becoming darker towards the base [3].

Thailand, Malaysia, Lao, Viet Nam, Canada, Panama, America, Philippines, India, Nepal and Argentina
Global Distribution of the Tiger Lentinus between 2000 to 2022. Source: [4]

Northern Mekong Corridor

Dry dipterocarp forest

Native

Not invasive

Not applicable

None

Food
Medicine

Food: This mushroom is commonly used as a food ingredient throughout Southeast Asia, including Laos. Known for its unique flavor, it is a staple in traditional dishes such as soups and fried delicacies [3]. Medicine: This mushroom has the potential to lower cholesterol and triglycerides levels due to the presence of Eritadenine, a com-pound known to help prevent heart disease, high blood pressure, and conditions like diabetes and HIV. Additionally, they exhibit properties that can stimulate the body's natural defences against cancer cells, promoting overall cellular health [8], [9].

Both

March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October

Overview:
Temperature: Can be grown in a greenhouse with a temperature between 28°C to 30°C [10].
Suitable area for growing mushrooms: When cultivating this species in a green house, this one should have the following dimensions: 4 metres in width, 6 metres in length, and 3 metres in height. The roof should be covered with grass, while the sides should be easily covered with a manageable plastic material [10].
Planting soil conditions: Typically, wood or sawdust is primarily used for planting [10].

Land preparation:
Raw materials and equipment: Rice bran, granulated sugar, lime, Gypsum, and salt [10].
Steps for preparing mushroom cubes: First, thoroughly mix the sawdust with the dietary supplement. Next, add enough water to achieve the desired level of moisture. Then, tightly pack the mixture into heat-resistant bags, aiming for approximately 800 grams per bag. Secure the bags with a plastic neck and tightly close the lid. Finally, steam and sterilise the bags at 100°C for a duration of 2 hours. Finally, add the inoculum (microorganisms that are introduced in the fermentation medium), incorporating 10-20 seeds per bag [10], [11].

Planting techniques:
After adding the inoculum, the mushroom will be incubated for a period of 25 to 30 days. During this time, the mycelium strands within the inoculum will gradually expand until the cultivation bag is completely filled, indicating a strong and healthy growth. Once this stage is achieved, the mushrooms are ready to be transferred to the farm where they will blossom [10].

Care and maintenance:
Watering: To initiate mushroom growth, begin by removing the mushroom cap and maintaining proper humidity by watering as needed. After harvesting the mushrooms, allow them to sit without watering for approximately 7 to 10 days. Then, gradually reintroduce watering while carefully controlling the temperature to around 30 to 40°C. This will facilitate the growth and blooming of the mushrooms. Once the mushrooms have fully bloomed, it is advisable to open the plastic to allow proper airflow [10].
Light control: Allow 7 to10 days for the mushrooms to develop, which will become evident as small bumps will reach the opening. Ensure optimal ventilation by opening the sides of the mushroom house (greenhouse). With proper care, the mushrooms will reach full bloom within 1 to 2 months [10].

Harvesting:
Mushroom harvesting is conducted twice a day, both in the morning and evening. To harvest, use your hands to gently squeeze the mushrooms. Select only those that have reached full blooming [10].

Sustainable harvesting:
We should study various aspects of mushrooms, including their morphology, taxonomy, environment, and flowering period. Additionally, it is important to learn about the types of logs that can be suitable for their growth and contribute to the conservation of mushroom species. By doing so, we can create opportunities for villagers to cultivate these mushrooms without resorting to deforestation or harming the forests [8].

(market access and trade, marketing, etc.)
Tiger Lentinus is a very popular food in Laos, so the price of Tiger Lentinus is higher than other local mushrooms, at 40,000 to 50,000 baht per kilogram. [13]

N/A

Nutrient	/100g	Remark
Proteins	N/A	N/A
Carbohydrates	N/A	N/A
Fats	N/A	N/A
Vitamins	N/A	N/A
Minerals	N/A	N/A
Fibers	N/A	N/A

Tiger Lentinus fully expanded. [1] iNaturalist [Online]. Uploaded on 5 April 2022 by: jackychiangmai. Available: www.inaturalist.org/observations/110461994. [Ac-cessed: 24 September 2024]
Tiger Lentinus growing from a tree trunk. [2] iNaturalist [Online]. Uploaded on 28 August 2022 by: calebcatto. Available: www.inaturalist.org/observations/132565119. [Ac-cessed: 24 September 2024]
Tiger Lentinus from above. [3] T. Læssøe and O. Pedersen, “An Introduction to the Edible, Poisonous and Medicinal Fungi of Northern Laos”. Vientiane: FAO Repre-sentative to Lao PDR, 2018

[4] Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), “Lentinus polychrous Lév.” [Online]. Available: https://www.gbif.org/species/2545452. [Accessed: 24 September 2024].
[5] P. Sysouphanthong, W. Taliam, N. Wannasawang, and N. Thongklang, "The genus Lentinus in Thailand: taxonomy, cultivation tests, nu-tritional analysis and screening for the biological activity of wild strains," Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 136-161, 2023.
[6] P. E. Mortimer, J. Xu, S. C. Karunarathna, and K. D. Hyde, “Mush-rooms for Trees and People: A Field Guide to Useful Mushrooms of the Mekong Region”. Kunming, China: The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2014.
[7] IUCN, “IUCN Red List,” [Online]. Available: https://redlist.info/iucn/species_view/197977/. [Accessed: 04 Ju-ly 2024].
[8] S. Rattanamalee and C. Rattanamalee, "The Biology of Lentinus poly-chrous Lev. in Nakhon Phanom Province, Thailand and Kwaeng Kham Muan, Laos," IJERD – International Journal of Environmen-tal and Rural Development, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1-10, 2012.
[9] N. Fangkrathok, "Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activi-ties of Lentinus polychrous Lév." ว. เภสัชศาสตร์อีสาน, vol. 1, pp. 49-57, 2019.
[10] ສຸດທະສາດ, ກ. & ຄະນະ. "ບົດລາຍງານການປູກເຫັດ ເຫັດບົດ," ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ, ຄະນະວິທະສາດສິ່ງແວດລ້ອມ, 2011.
[11] P. Mortimer, “Mushrooms for Trees and People: A Field Guide to Useful Mushrooms of the Mekong Region”, Kunming, China: The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2014.
[12] ทองเอกแก้ว, จ. "Nutritive value of Hed Kradang (Lentinus polychrous Lév.)," Ubon Rajathanee, 2003.
[13] "ເຫັດບົດ" Suansanam Famring, [Online]. Available: https://suansanamfamring.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_8.html. [Accessed: Oct. 8, 2024].